Abstract Background Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly option for a broad range of applications. The fibrous nature and high biopersistence of CNFs call for a thorough toxicity assessment. but it is presently unclear which physico-chemical properties could play a role in determining the potential toxic response to CNF. Here. https://jeepworldes.shop/product-category/door-hinges/